黄精（Polygonati Rhizoma）为百合科黄精属植物的干燥根茎，是药食同源食材，其多糖类成分是发挥抗縗老、抗氧吪、莬疫调节等生物活性的核心物质。
黄精（Polygonati Rhizoma）为百合科黄精属植物的干燥根茎，是药食同源食材，其多糖类成分是发挥抗縗老、抗氧吪、莬疫调节等生物活性的核心物质。
传统炮制工艺 “九蒸九晒” 可改变黄精的化学成分与药理活性，经该工艺处理后，黄精的抗縗老能力大幅提升，但其中的分子机制尚未完全阐明，多糖作为黄精的主要活性成分，其在九蒸九晒过程中的结构变化及与抗縗活性的构效关系，始终是研究的关键问题。
西南中药材种质创新与利用国家地方联合工程研究中心中药材高值化利用团队，在中科院1区TOP期刊《Carbohydrate Polymers》发表重磅研究。
该研究分离鉴定出两种新型黄精多糖，阐明了生黄精中以β-果聚糖为主，而制黄精中以分支型β-半乳聚糖为主。多糖结构的转变，进一步带来体外细胞模型下多维度的活性变化，可缓解成纤维细胞氧化损伤、稳定线粒体功能、调控衰老相关炎症因子分泌。“九蒸九制”直接介导了抗縗活性的提升，为黄精多糖开发为天然抗縗功能原料奠定了理论基础。
*以下介绍均来自高校科研机构发布的体外细胞基础实验。本研究实验对象是实验室分离提纯的黄精多糖以及 MRC‑5 人体成纤维细胞，全程为实验室受控环境，不等同于普通人食用黄精食材就可以实现文中对应效果；本文仅做科研知识科普，不构成任何食品功效宣传。
该研究仅为体外细胞层面的基础科学实验，尚未开展人体临床试验。体外细胞实验观测到的多糖活性结论，不可直接等同于食用黄精食材对人体产生同等作用。黄精属于药食同源普通食材，不能替代药物，也不等同于保健食品。
多糖发生根本性分子重塑
九蒸九晒会驱动黄精多糖结构彻底转变：生黄精主要为线性 β‑果聚糖；经过完整九蒸九晒炮制之后，转化为支链 β‑半乳聚糖。并不是简单的加热煮熟，而是大分子发生降解、重构，释放出新的活性组分。偷减蒸晒工序、机器快速烘干，很难完成这种分子层面的物质转变。
结构改变带来细胞层面活性差异
重构后的多糖，在体外细胞实验中展现多维度活性表现：可以缓解成纤维细胞氧化损伤、提升细胞增殖能力、稳定线粒体膜电位、下调衰老相关炎症因子分泌。
注意：以上全部是提纯多糖在细胞模型上的观测结果。
- PART 02 科研机构原文
Fig. 1. Photograph of Polygonati rhizoma samples; (B) RPR-N2 and PPR-N2 extraction and purification procedure.
Fig. 2. Purification of polysaccharides from Polygonati Rhizoma. (A) Elution profile of RPR on a DEAE Seplife FF column, yielding one major fraction designated RPR-D1. (B) Elution profile of PPR on the same column, showing four fractions: PPRsingle bondD1, PPRsingle bondD2, PPRsingle bondD3, and PPRsingle bondD4. (C) Further purification of RPR-D1 via Sephacryl S-400 HR size-exclusion chromatography, resulting in subfractions RPR-N1 and RPR-N2. (D) Purification of PPR-D1 under the same conditions, yielding PPR-N1 and PPRsingle bondN2. (E, F) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of (E) RPR-N2 and (F) PPRsingle bondN2.
Fig. 3. Monosaccharide composition and molecular weight profiles of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides. (A) Monosaccharide chromatogram of RPR-N2; (B) Monosaccharide chromatogram of PPRsingle bondN2; (C) Molecular weight distribution of RPR-N2; (D) Molecular weight distribution of PPRsingle bondN2. Note: In panels C and D, the red trace represents the multi-angle laser light scattering (MALS) signal (LS, in volts), which is proportional to the molecular size and weight of the eluting analyte. The blue trace corresponds to the differential refractive index (dRI) signal (in RIU), reflecting changes in refractive index due to analyte concentration. The green trace indicates the calculated molar mass derived from simultaneous analysis of LS and dRI signals. Solvent peaks corresponding to the inorganic salt and DMSO mobile phases eluted at approximately 37 min and 102 min, respectively.
Fig. 4. Methylation analysis of the Polygonati rhizoma polysaccharides. (A) Total ion chromatograph for RPR-N2 and (B) total ion chromatograph for PPRsingle bondN2.
Fig. 5. NMR spectra for the polysaccharide RPR-N2. (A) 1H NMR spectrum; (B) 13C NMR spectrum; (C) 1Hsingle bond13C HSQC spectrum; (D) 1Hsingle bond13C HMBC spectrum; and (E-F) proposed main structure of the polysaccharide RPR-N2. The letters A (green), B (blue), C (purple), and D (red) in each spectrum represent →1)-β-D-Fruf-(2→ (residue A), β-D-Fruf-(2→ (residue B), →1,6)-β-D-Fruf-(2→ (residue C), and →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ (residue D), respectively.
Fig. 6. NMR spectra for the polysaccharide PPRsingle bondN2. (A) 1H NMR spectrum; (B) 13C NMR spectrum; (C) 1Hsingle bond13C HSQC spectrum; (D) 1Hsingle bond13C HMBC spectrum; and (E-F) proposed main structure for the polysaccharide PPRsingle bondN2. The letters A (green), B (blue), and C (purple) in each spectrum represent →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→ (residue A), β-D-Galp-(1→ (residue B), and →4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→ (residue C),
Fig. 7. Anti-aging activities of RPR-N2 and PPRsingle bondN2. AO: cells stained with AO, SA-β-Gal: cells stained with β-galactosidase, and EB: cells stained with EB.
Fig. 8. The number of cells in each cycle of MRC-5 cells.
Fig. 9. Effects of Polygonati rhizoma polysaccharides on cell proliferation (A), mitochondrial membrane potential (B), telomerase activity (C), and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) activities (Dsingle bondF, respectively) in senescent MRC-5 cells.
Fig. 10. Effects of Polygonati rhizoma polysaccharides on IL-6 (A), IL-8 (B), CXCL-10 (C), and HGF (D) concentrations and the cell cycle stages distribution (E) in senescent MRC-5 cells. (F) The potential mechanism by which Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides delay aging in MRC-5 cells.
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科研新闻原文来源：西南中药材种质创新与利用国家地方联合工程研究中心
原始论文出处期刊：*Carbohydrate Polymers*
论文 DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124597
原文链接：https://cmmc.ynau.edu.cn/info/1061/5244.htm
本文解读为小编整理，不代表原研究团队立场
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